What is Eczema?
Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a chronic skin condition that causes the skin to become itchy, red, dry, and inflamed. It is not contagious. Eczema often runs in families and is linked to a tendency to develop allergies and asthma.
It can affect any part of the body, but is most common on the hands, inner elbows, behind the knees, face, and scalp. The condition tends to flare up periodically and then subside.
Symptoms
Common Signs
- Intense itching (especially at night)
- Dry, scaly, or cracked skin
- Red or brownish-grey patches
- Small raised bumps that may ooze
- Thickened, rough skin from scratching
Signs of Infection
- Increased redness and warmth
- Yellow or green discharge or crusting
- Swelling and pain
- Fever
- Worsening despite treatment
Common Triggers
- Irritants: Soaps, detergents, shampoos, disinfectants
- Allergens: Dust mites, pet dander, pollen, mold
- Climate: Hot and humid weather (common in Sri Lanka), excessive sweating
- Fabrics: Rough or synthetic clothing, wool
- Stress: Emotional stress can trigger or worsen flare-ups
- Foods: In some people — eggs, dairy, nuts, wheat (varies by individual)
- Hormonal changes: Menstrual cycle, pregnancy
How to Manage Eczema
Skin Care Tips
- Moisturize frequently: Apply a fragrance-free emollient (e.g., aqueous cream, petroleum jelly) at least twice daily, especially after bathing. This is the most important step.
- Use gentle cleansers: Avoid soap. Use soap-free or pH-balanced cleansers. Aqueous cream can be used as a soap substitute.
- Short, lukewarm baths: Limit bathing to 10-15 minutes. Avoid hot water. Pat dry gently — do not rub.
- Wear soft cotton clothing: Avoid wool, nylon, and rough fabrics. Wash new clothes before wearing.
- Keep nails short: To minimize damage from scratching.
- Avoid known triggers: Identify and avoid your personal triggers.
- Keep rooms cool: Use fans or air conditioning. Sweating worsens eczema in tropical climates.
- Manage stress: Practice relaxation techniques.
Treatment
- Emollients (moisturizers): The foundation of eczema management. Use liberally and frequently.
- Topical corticosteroids: Prescribed by your doctor for flare-ups. Apply as directed — do not overuse.
- Antihistamines: May help with itching, especially at night (e.g., Cetirizine, Chlorpheniramine).
- Antibiotics: If the eczema becomes infected, your doctor may prescribe antibiotic cream or tablets.
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical attention if:
- Eczema is spreading or getting worse despite home care
- Signs of skin infection (oozing, crusting, increased pain, fever)
- Eczema is disrupting sleep or daily activities
- Over-the-counter treatments are not helping
- You need guidance on identifying triggers
Important: This information is for educational purposes only. If you are unsure about your symptoms or they are severe, please consult a doctor. Our doctors are available for home visits and telemedicine consultations.